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Thomas Bradwardine. Life and Work
Školoud, Barnabáš ; Bečvář, Jindřich (advisor) ; Halas, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis deals with the life and work of an english scholar Thomas Bradwardine who lived in the first half of the 14th century. The first chapter of the work summarizes information about his life and puts it into historical context (the Hundred Years' War, the Black Death in Europe, the philosophy of that period). The second chapter deals with Bradwardine's works on theology, logic, natural philosophy and mathematics. The treatises De proportionibus, in which Bradwardine presented his new dynamic law, and De continuo, in which he refused the indivisibilist positions on the composition of the continuum and defended Aristotelic conception, are analyzed in more detail. Furthermore, the second chapter includes the description of the scientific movement in the 13th and 14th centuries.
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Litomyšl of Albert from Šternberk
Večeře, Vojtěch ; Zilynská, Blanka (advisor) ; Hledíková, Zdenka (referee)
The medieval study Litomyšl of Albert from Šternberk is a fusion of two historiographical methods. Regionally-historical and biographical. These methods lead to the unusual view of this issue, which had already been established in literature. This paper focuses mainly on the history of bishopric in Litomyšl and its center (town and domain). The author tries to look at this topic through Albert from Šternberk, who was an important imperial prelate-diplomat and also a bishop of Litomyšl during years 1364-1368 and 1371-1380. In order to maintain a complexity of this topic, it is essential to focus on both Alberts live and genesis of young Litomyšl diocese. For this reason the first part of the study is an analysis of emergence and formation of bishopric in Litomyšl, which is followed by a comprehensive study of Albert's political live. Than, the author gets to the very issue of the relationship between the monitored prelate and his Litomyšl dioceses and he tries to look at this relationship from several different perspectives. The reason for using this approach is an effort to speak out against the persistent view, that Litomyšl bishops in the era of Karl IV. (mostly high-ranking politicans and officials) were just "titular" prelates without self-interest in the management of the bishopric. Through...
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Sermons of Jindřich from Vildštejn in Litomyšl
Večeře, Vojtěch ; Zilynská, Blanka (advisor) ; Soukup, Pavel (referee)
This thesis Sermons of Jindřich from Vildštejn in Litomyšl deals with the preaching work of the cleric Jindřich of Vildštejn, which is preserved in the manuscript of the Bavarian State Library in Munich (BSB, Clm 14256). In order to describe and evaluate this handwritten collection, the author chooses only a small probe (three of the total of thirteen preachers), in which in various ways he shows the form, context and socio-communicative purpose of the late medieval sermon. These three sermons were held in Litomyšl (1376 and 1378). Two of them are Eucharistic sermons and one is funeral speech on the occasion of the funeral of Charles IV. At the beginning of the whole work, the reader is introduced with the life of the historical personality of Jindřich of Vildštejn who was a member of the Minority Order and who held several episcopal offices throughout his life. In the second part, the author presents a description and classification of selected preaching texts. The third part of the thesis is an interpretative study in which the author tries to elucidate the contemporary communication significance of one important phenomenon of medieval preaching manuscripts such as the abundant use of quotes from the Bible and the authorities. At the very end of the work, the critical edition of three sermons...
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The Construction of a Historical Reality in Jean Froissart's Chronicles
Soukupová, Věra ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Doudet, Estelle Cathrine (referee) ; Croenen, Godfried (referee)
The Construction of Historical Reality in Jean Froissart's Chronicles Jean Froissart, one of the most famous chroniclers of the Middle Ages, is generally recognized for the literary qualities of his work, less so for the credibility of his account. In my research I have endeavoured to follow those scholars whose aim has been to rehabilitate the author by studying him not on the basis of principles which govern our contemporary understanding of history as an academic discipline, but rather on the basis of conceptual movements which conditioned historical writing in the 14th century, taking into account the traditions upon which medieval conception of history was built. Put differently, this work seeks to examine closely the "historical forge" of Jean Froissart. Clearly, Froissart's historical project falls within a specific discourse on historical genres, on relationships between form and truth which an account of deeds is expected to convey, on the manner in which the authority of a story being told is constructed. It is on the very intersection of this context, on the one hand, and the individuality of the author, on the other, that I based my search for the chronicler's perspectives on the writing of history. Froissart was from the outset concerned with the issues of impartiality and credibility...
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Litomyšl of Albert from Šternberk
Večeře, Vojtěch ; Zilynská, Blanka (advisor) ; Hledíková, Zdenka (referee)
The medieval study Litomyšl of Albert from Šternberk is a fusion of two historiographical methods. Regionally-historical and biographical. These methods lead to the unusual view of this issue, which had already been established in literature. This paper focuses mainly on the history of bishopric in Litomyšl and its center (town and domain). The author tries to look at this topic through Albert from Šternberk, who was an important imperial prelate-diplomat and also a bishop of Litomyšl during years 1364-1368 and 1371-1380. In order to maintain a complexity of this topic, it is essential to focus on both Alberts live and genesis of young Litomyšl diocese. For this reason the first part of the study is an analysis of emergence and formation of bishopric in Litomyšl, which is followed by a comprehensive study of Albert's political live. Than, the author gets to the very issue of the relationship between the monitored prelate and his Litomyšl dioceses and he tries to look at this relationship from several different perspectives. The reason for using this approach is an effort to speak out against the persistent view, that Litomyšl bishops in the era of Karl IV. (mostly high-ranking politicans and officials) were just "titular" prelates without self-interest in the management of the bishopric. Through...
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Thomas Bradwardine. Life and Work
Školoud, Barnabáš ; Bečvář, Jindřich (advisor) ; Halas, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis deals with the life and work of an english scholar Thomas Bradwardine who lived in the first half of the 14th century. The first chapter of the work summarizes information about his life and puts it into historical context (the Hundred Years' War, the Black Death in Europe, the philosophy of that period). The second chapter deals with Bradwardine's works on theology, logic, natural philosophy and mathematics. The treatises De proportionibus, in which Bradwardine presented his new dynamic law, and De continuo, in which he refused the indivisibilist positions on the composition of the continuum and defended Aristotelic conception, are analyzed in more detail. Furthermore, the second chapter includes the description of the scientific movement in the 13th and 14th centuries.
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